Hoʻokaʻawale nui ʻia ka wā ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka wā mānoanoa melemele-'ōmaʻomaʻo, periodt ʻōmaʻomaʻo gula, periodt melemele-'ōmaʻomaʻo, periodt mānoanoa ʻōmaʻomaʻo (ʻike pū ʻia ʻo dusk emerald a i ʻole emerald komohana, evening primrose emerald) a me ka lani gem.
ʻO Pink Sapphire ʻulaʻula sapphire: ma mua, ua manaʻo ka poʻe kaiāulu honua he corundum wale nō me ka hohonu waena a hiki i ka ʻulaʻula ʻeleʻele a i ʻole ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula hiki ke kapa ʻia he ruby.ʻO ka poʻe e hoʻohuli i ke kukui ʻulaʻula i māmā loa, ua kapa ʻia nā sapphi pink.
ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o Garnet a me nā pōhaku like a me ka garnet synthetic.ʻO nā pōhaku makamae e like me ke kala me nā garnets like ʻole, me nā rubi, sapphires, corundum artificial, topaz, emeralds, Jadeite, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, he heterogeneous a hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka polarization.
ʻO ka garnet ʻulaʻula ka pūʻulu alumini alumini o ka magnesium alumini garnet, nona nā ʻano maʻamau o ka garnet.ʻO ke kala ʻulaʻula o ka ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula hiki ke hana i nā kānaka i ka leʻaleʻa hiki ʻole ke hoʻohiwahiwa i ka hauʻoli a me ke aloha mau loa, hoʻonui i ka hilinaʻi iā ia iho, ʻo ia ka pōhaku o nā wahine.
He paʻakikī ko Tourmaline a me ke kala.Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻoihana hoʻonaninani honua i nā ʻano pāʻoihana e like me ke kala o tourmaline, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kala, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka waiwai.
ʻO Spinel kahi mineral i haku ʻia me ka magnesium a me ka alumini oxide, no ka mea, aia ka magnesium, ka hao, ka zinc, ka manganese a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā ʻano like ʻole, e like me ka alumini spinel, iron spinel, zinc spinel, manganese spinel, chrome spinel a pela aku.
ʻO Ruby [1] , ʻo ia hoʻi ka corundum o ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻulaʻula, he ʻano corundum a ʻo ia ka mea nui o ka alumini oxide (AL 2O 3).ʻO ke kala ʻulaʻula mai ka chromium (CR), ka nui o Cr2O3, ʻo ka ʻike maʻamau he 0.1 ~ 3%, ʻo ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa he 4%.Loaʻa i ka Fe, Ti a me ka uliuli i ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo Sapphire, non-chromium CR kala o nā kala ʻē aʻe o ka corundum i ʻike pū ʻia ʻo Sapphire.
Ua kapa ʻia ʻo sapphire nā ʻano ʻano corundum ma mua o ka ruby.ʻO ka inoa mineral Sapphire no ka corundum, nā mineral hui corundum.
Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Tan kristal ke aniani kī, a ʻo ka quartz uahi (brown quartz) ua kapa ʻia hoʻi ka uahi aniani a me ka ʻīnika aniani Radioactive ʻO ka hapa nui o nā kristal kī he kolamu hexagonal.E like me nā kristal alohilohi ʻē aʻe, aia kekahi mau manaʻo e like me ka hau hau, ke ao a me ka noe.
Maʻemaʻe ʻo Topaz akā he opaque pinepine ma muli o nā haumia i loko.ʻO ka Topaz ka waihoʻoluʻu waina a i ʻole melemele ʻeleʻele.Akā hiki ke keʻokeʻo, hina, uliuli, ʻōmaʻomaʻo.ʻO ka topaz kala ʻole, ke ʻoki maikaʻi ʻia, hiki ke kuhi ʻia he daimana.
ʻO TSAVORITE (TSAVORITE) ka inoa kemika he chrome vanadium calcium alumini garnet, no ka mea, aia ka nui o ka chromium a me ka vanadium, ʻeleʻele Emerald Green, ʻoluʻolu i ka maka.Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Kenya's Shafe National Park e ka mea kālaihonua ʻo Campbell Brydges i ka hopena o nā makahiki 1960.
ʻO Kina kekahi o nā mea hana nui o ka turquoise.Hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Turquoise ma Zhushan County, Yunxi County, Anhui Maʻanshan, Shaanxi Baihe, Xichuan, Henan, Hami, Xinjiang, Wulan, Qinghai a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe.